Secondary central nervous system involvement in systemic ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a case report

Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma is an infrequent form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma determined by the expression of CD30 with different clinical characteristics in its presentation. The majority of patients with anaplastic large cell lymphoma are in an advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis but rarely with a leptomeningeal or central nervous system infiltration. We have presented a young patient with widespread systemic ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma and a secondary central nervous system involvement verified by cytologic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid

Secondary central nervous system involvement in systemic ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a case report

Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma is an infrequent form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma determined by the expression of CD30 with different clinical characteristics in its presentation. The majority of patients with anaplastic large cell lymphoma are in an advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis but rarely with a leptomeningeal or central nervous system infiltration. We have presented a young patient with widespread systemic ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma and a secondary central nervous system involvement verified by cytologic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid

Metastases to Rare Locations as the Initial Manifestation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Two Case Reports

Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer (about 80% of all lung cancers). It grows and spreads more slowly than small cell lung cancer, but still, when the primary tumour treatment starts, about 60% of patients with cancer already have some kind of malignant cell spreading. Metastases to hand bones and skeletal muscles are very rare (metastatic hand lesions represent 0.1% of all osseous metastases while metastases to muscles represent from 0.8 to 16% incidence in autopsy series); in case of metastases in such sites it can be usually expected to find metastases disseminated all over the body. Fine needle aspiration cytology has an important role to give accurate diagnosis or at least diagnosis of suspicion and thus to set the guidelines to a clinician for the further specific and cost-effective treatment. We will show two cases where the metastases of non-small cell lung carcinoma were the first signs of the disease located in uncommon body parts: a man with the metastasis to distal phalanx of the right thumb and a woman with nodal metastasis to the right gluteal muscle and subcutaneous tissue near muscle which show us that we have to pay our attention to the potential development of such lesions even on rare locations and even when there are no other symptoms. In both cases, patients did not have any other symptoms related to the lung cancer

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Minimal Breast Cancer in Istria County

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumour and leading cause of death in women aged 35 to 64 years in Istria County. The minimal invasive carcinoma and in situ carcinoma have a better prognosis so we try to find them during preventive exams. The aim of this study was to identify minimal breast cancers in fine needle aspiration biopsies of breast lesions made in Pula General Hospital between the years 2006 and 2008. There were 39 tumours with a maximal diameter of less than 10 mm in 1316 biopsies and 251 cytologically diagnosed breast cancers. In most cases, they were solitary, well differentiated neoplasms (48.7%). They were diagnosed in women aged 39 to 89 years and most frequently found in women aged 60 to 69 years. The most frequent histological type of operated minimal breast carcinomas was invasive ductal carcinoma. In that period, the minimal breast cancer percentage of all cytologically diagnosed breast cancers was 15.5% but in the first 6 months of 2009, the result was 48.7%

ULOGA CITOLOGIJE U OTKRIVANJU UROTELNIH TUMORA

In the developed world the number of new cases of bladder cancer increases every year, although the reasons for the increased incidence is not known. Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary tract. The disease occurs in the elderly, and most of the patients in the age group of 50-80 years. For unknown reasons, the bladder is three times more common in men than in women. Papillary urothelial tumors are the most common form of urothelial tumors. Thin and delicate branches of papillary tumors are easy to break and cause major symptom of papillary tumors - hematuria. Cytological examination of urine sediment is a simple diagnostic methods of examination of the urinary tract that can detect cancer anywhere within the coated urothelium. For cytological examination is required second morning, spontaneously voided urine. Three urine samples taken during three consecutive days are optimal diagnostic

Why She? A Retrospective Study on Sex Inequality Related to Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is the only type of stroke with female predominance. We conducted a retrospective analysis of SAH patients throughout a decade and tried to establish any reason for such remarkable sex difference. We conducted a retrospective analysis of subarachnoid haemorrhages treated in Istria County between 2010 and 2021. Some of those patients were referred to a comprehensive stroke centre and we collected those data too. We also collected data regarding the outcome recorded at follow up exams of patients treated for SAH in that period. A total of 193 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage were found in observed period. We found a lower incidence regarding general population but with a tendency to increase, compared with data from other studies. Among all SAH, 113 were female, which makes a Risk Ratio (RR) of 1.44. The highest RR in females was in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhages, 2.06. We obtained a similar high RR of 2.03 in the case of female ruptured multiple intracranial aneurysms (IA), clearly with a worse outcome. Conversely, the RR in non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhages and perimesencephalic subarachnoid haemorrhages was lower in the case of female sex and amounted 0.67. We noticed similar sex inequality as shown in other studies, so we can also state that women are at higher risk of IA rupture than men. The reason has to be multifactorial. As found in this study, women have different predilection sites of IA rupture compared with men so we strongly believe that certain hemodynamic forces may lead to aneurysm growth and rupture. As we also confirmed IA rupture is age dependent more in women than in men. As shown in other studies, oestrogen level might be the reason for that. Future studies should further establish and prove these risk factors for IA aneurysm rupture and improve preventive measures

Platinum Complexes And Their Anti-Tumour Activity Against Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Cells

Since the discovery of the antitumor activity of cisplatin by Rosenberg and co-workers, the use of metal complexes in cancer treatment has caused a huge interest. Today, platinum-based drugs are part of standard chemotherapy in the management of a variety of ca ncers, germ cell tumours, sarcomas, and lymphomas. Unfortunately, toxicity and drug resistance are major obstacles to wider clinical application of these drugs. Their use is greatly limited by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Although cisplatin is one of the most successful anticancer drugs to date, its biochemical mechanism of action is still unclear. Cisplatin is generally accepted as having the ability to interact with the purine bases on the DNA, causing DNA damage, interfering with DNA repair mechanisms, and subsequently inducing apoptosis in cancer cells